Distribution of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the rat and human: Colocalization with tyrosine hydroxylase

1996 ◽  
Vol 369 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Lynn ◽  
Thomas M. Hyde ◽  
Robin R. Cooperman ◽  
Richard R. Miselis
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus

scholarly journals The Neural Pathway of Reflex Regulation of Electroacupuncture at Orofacial Acupoints on Gastric Functions in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Liu ◽  
Wenbin Fu ◽  
Wei Yi ◽  
Zhenhua Xu ◽  
Nenggui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Vagal Complex ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Neural Pathway ◽  
Excitatory Effect ◽  
Reflex Regulation ◽  
Gastric Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Spike Bursts

Acupuncture has a reflex regulation in gastrointestinal functions, which is characterized with segment. In the present study, the neural pathway of electroacupuncture (EA) at orofacial acupoints (ST2) on gastric myoelectric activity (GMA) in rats was investigated. The results indicated that EA at ST2 facilitated spike bursts of GMA, which is similar to EA at limbs and opposite to EA at abdomen. The excitatory effect was abolished by the transaction of infraorbital nerves, dorsal vagal complex lesion, and vagotomy, respectively. In addition, microinjection of L-glutamate into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) attenuated the excitatory effect. All these data suggest that the dorsal vagal complex is involved in the reflex regulation of EA at orofacial acupoints on gastric functions and NTS-dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) inhibitory connections may be essential for it.

Substance P- and tyrosine hydroxylase- containing neurom in the human dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve

1993 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Feng Huang ◽  
George Paxinos ◽  
Paul Halasz ◽  
Deborah McRitchie ◽  
Istvan Törk
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus

Galanin Inhibits Gut-Related Vagal Neurons in Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2330-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenjun Tan ◽  
Ronald Fogel ◽  
Chunhui Jiang ◽  
Xueguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Channel ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Vagal Complex ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus

Galanin plays an important role in the regulation of food intake, energy balance, and body weight. Many galanin-positive fibers as well as galanin-positive neurons were seen in the dorsal vagal complex, suggesting that galanin produces its effects by actions involving vagal neurons. In the present experiment, we used tract-tracing and neurophysiological techniques to evaluate the origin of the galaninergic fibers and the effect of galanin on neurons in the dorsal vagal complex. Our results reveal that the nucleus of the solitary tract is the major source of the galanin terminals in the dorsal vagal complex. In vivo experiments demonstrated that galanin inhibited the majority of gut-related neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. In vitro experiments demonstrated that galanin inhibited the majority of stomach-projecting neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by suppressing spontaneous activity and/or producing a fully reversible dose-dependent membrane hyperpolarization and outward current. The galanin-induced hyperpolarization and outward current persisted after synaptic input was blocked, suggesting that galanin acts directly on receptors of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The reversal potential induced by galanin was close to the potassium ion potentials of the Nernst equation and was prevented by the potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium, indicating that the inhibitory effect of galanin was mediated by a potassium channel. These results indicate that the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus is inhibited by galanin derived predominantly from neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract projecting to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. Galanin is one of the neurotransmitters involved in the vago-vagal reflex.

scholarly journals Norepinephrine effects on identified neurons of the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (2) ◽  
pp. G333-G339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Martinez-Peña y Valenzuela ◽  
Richard C. Rogers ◽  
Gerlinda E. Hermann ◽  
R. Alberto Travagli
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Whole Cell Recordings

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) receives more noradrenergic terminals than any other medullary nucleus; few studies, however, have examined the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on DMV neurons. Using whole cell recordings in thin slices, we determined the effects of NE on identified gastric-projecting DMV neurons. Twenty-five percent of DMV neurons were unresponsive to NE, whereas the remaining 75% responded to NE with either an excitation (49%), an inhibition (26%), or an inhibition followed by an excitation (4%). Antrum/pylorus- and corpus-projecting neurons responded to NE with a similar percentage of excitatory (49 and 59%, respectively) and inhibitory (20% for both groups) responses. A lower percentage of excitatory (37%) and a higher percentage of inhibitory (36%) responses were, however, observed in fundus-projecting neurons. In all groups, pretreatment with prazosin or phenylephrine antagonized or mimicked the NE-induced excitation, respectively. Pretreatment with yohimbine or UK-14304 antagonized or mimicked the NE-induced inhibition, respectively. These data suggest that NE depolarization is mediated by α1-adrenoceptors, whereas NE hyperpolarization is mediated by α2-adrenoceptors. In 16 neurons depolarized by NE, amplitude of the action potential afterhyperpolarization (AHP) and its kinetics of decay (τ) were significantly reduced vs. control. No differences were found on the amplitude and τ of AHP in neurons hyperpolarized by NE. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we found that the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase fibers within the DMV was significantly different within the mediolateral extent of DMV; however, distribution of cells responding to NE did not show a specific pattern of localization.

Distribution of α2-Adrenergic Receptor Binding in the Developing Human Brain Stem

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaleh Mansouri ◽  
Ashok Panigrahy ◽  
Susan F. Assmann ◽  
Hannah C. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Inferior Olive ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Medullary Reticular Formation ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Control ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Early Human

Rapid and dramatic changes occur in cardiorespiratory function during early human life. Catecholamines within select brain stem nuclei are implicated in the control of autonomic and respiratory function, including in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal motor nucleus of X. Animal and adult human studies have shown high binding to α2-adrenergic receptors in these regions. To determine the developmental profile of brainstem α2-adrenergic binding across early human life, we studied brain stems from five fetuses at mid-gestation, three newborns (37–38 postconceptional weeks), and six infants (44–61 postconceptional weeks). We used quantitative tissue receptor autoradiography with [3H]para-aminoclonidine as the radioligand and phentolamine as the displacer. In the fetal group, binding was high (63–93 fmol/mg tissue) in the nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of X, locus coeruleus, and reticular formation; it was low (<32 fmol/mg tissue) in the principal inferior olive and basis pontis. Binding decreased in all regions with age: in infancy, the highest binding was in the intermediate range (32–62 fmol/mg tissue) and was localized to the nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of X. The most substantial decrease in binding (75%–85%) between the fetal and infant periods occurred in the pontine and medullary reticular formation and hypoglossal nucleus. Binding remained low in the principal inferior olive and basis pontis. The decreases in binding with age remained significant after quench correction. These data suggest that rapid and dramatic changes occur in early human life in the brain stem catecholaminergic system in regions related to cardiorespiratory control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document